Which of the following patient conditions is contraindicated for dry needling?

Active infection is contraindicated for dry needling because introducing a needle into an area affected by infection could exacerbate the condition and spread the infection. When the skin is compromised or there is an underlying infection, the risk of systemic infection or localized site complications increases significantly. Additionally, the inflammatory response caused by dry needling could further aggravate an already infected area, leading to increased pain, swelling, and potential complications.

In contrast, conditions such as chronic back pain, muscle sprains, and joint dysfunction can often be treated with dry needling, as these conditions typically involve muscular tightness or myofascial issues that respond well to this technique. However, within the context of contraindications, any presence of active infection represents a serious risk that warrants avoidance of dry needling procedures.