What is the role of substance P in the pain pathway after dry needling?

Substance P is a neuropeptide that plays a critical role in the transmission of pain signals. After dry needling, the release of substance P occurs in response to tissue irritation or injury, which can activate nociceptive C fibers. These fibers are responsible for transmitting pain sensations from the periphery to the central nervous system.

When dry needling is applied, it leads to microtrauma in the muscle tissue, which can stimulate the release of various biochemical mediators, including substance P. This release enhances the excitability of nociceptive pathways, making the body more sensitive to pain. The activation of these C fibers contributes to the perception of pain, especially in the context of muscle tightness and myofascial trigger points, which are often treated with dry needling.

This highlights the role of substance P in modulating pain pathways after treatment, where it can amplify the pain experience by facilitating the transmission of nociceptive information. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for practitioners utilizing dry needling, as it helps in anticipating patient responses and managing treatment outcomes effectively.