What hypothesis explains the development of trigger points following a muscle injury?

The hypothesis that explains the development of trigger points following a muscle injury is known as the TP generation hypothesis. This theory suggests that when a muscle experiences injury or trauma, it can lead to localized areas of hyperirritability within the muscle tissue. These hyperirritable spots are identified as trigger points, which are associated with muscle dysfunction and pain.

According to the TP generation hypothesis, muscle injury or overuse can cause an abnormal influx of calcium ions in the muscle fibers, leading to sustained muscle contractions. This persistent contraction creates a cycle of ischemia (lack of blood flow), which then amplifies the pain and dysfunction in the affected area. Additionally, this hypothesis posits that the presence of trigger points may impact the surrounding muscle tissues and contribute to referred pain, where discomfort is felt in areas distant from the actual site of the trigger point.

Understanding the TP generation hypothesis is crucial for practitioners working with dry needling, as it helps explain the rationale behind targeting these specific areas to alleviate pain and restore function in the affected muscles.